Across the globe, democracy is facing serious challenges. From Venezuela, where voters protest against manipulated elections, to established democracies in the West, many countries are witnessing a decline in public trust and the erosion of political institutions. For example, in the United States, fewer than 20% of citizens express confidence in Congress, and across the European Union, only one-third of the population trusts their national governments. In many parts of the world, the rise of anti-democratic leaders has further undermined faith in democratic systems.
Countries such as Hungary, India, Israel, and Argentina have seen the rise of right-wing leaders who use the democratic process to climb into power, only to undermine democratic norms once in office. Leaders like Viktor Orbán, Narendra Modi, and Benjamin Netanyahu have found ways to consolidate power, often diminishing checks and balances in their respective countries. The United States, too, is not immune, with figures like Donald Trump seeking to retain power despite electoral losses and challenges to democratic principles. Unfortunately, these leaders often see democracy as a mere stepping stone to absolute control, and many have tried to curtail opposition through martial law, legal maneuvers, or intimidation.
One such leader, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol, attempted a bold power grab in December 2023, declaring martial law to sideline his political opposition and solidify his hold on power. His actions, however, sparked immediate resistance. South Korea’s political institutions and its people have a deep-rooted commitment to democratic values, which proved stronger than Yoon’s authoritarian ambitions. Within two weeks of his declaration, Yoon was impeached, demonstrating the strength of South Korea’s democratic system and its ability to resist authoritarianism.
This resilience is also influenced by cultural factors unique to South Korea, where the concept of shame plays a significant role in public life. The social pressure to maintain honor is so strong that it has led some politicians, including former presidents and mayors, to take drastic actions like suicide in response to perceived failures. In stark contrast, leaders like Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, and Narendra Modi exhibit no remorse for their actions, despite serious ethical and legal violations. This lack of accountability in many right-wing leaders is a troubling feature of modern politics, as it highlights the stark divide between those who value democratic engagement and those who act with impunity.
Despite these efforts to thwart democratic norms, there are signs of hope. South Korea’s swift response to Yoon’s power grab is a shining example of democracy’s potential to withstand authoritarian pressures. While global trends show a steady decline in democracy, with only a small percentage of the population living in what the Economist Intelligence Unit classifies as “full democracies,” the example set by South Korea is a reminder of the importance of vigilance and active participation in protecting democratic institutions. For many, South Korea’s stand against authoritarianism is a hopeful beacon in an increasingly volatile world.
